Dataset of the Day: Beijing’s Good and Bad Air Days
August 10th, 2008by rajendra
Sean mentioned in his blog about how pooling together of efforts by Andrew, Sean, Bill et. al, the Fortifacture/MapuCommons folks were able to bring to you in record time the near-real time pollution data from Beijing. As we were working on this, we realized that there is a huge difference in the perceptions between the host nation and most of the western world/media on what constitutes severe air quality problem. For eg. see below the two pics, both dated 5th August, 2008. One shows Beijing “Clear skies” while the other has haze/smog blanketing Beijing. Wonder whether they are talking about different places and different days!
Xinhua Photo

The photo taken on Aug. 5, 2008 shows the clear sky above the National Stadium, namely the Bird’s Nest, in Beijing, capital of China. (Xinhua Photo/Li Ziheng)
BBC Photo

5 August PM10 reading: 104 micrograms per cubic metre. The World Health Organisation guideline maximum is 50 micrograms per cubic metre, averaged over 24 hours.
Knowing that many countries in Asia, including India and China share the dubious distinction of having the most polluted cities in the world, the media’s obsession with hazy skies should come as no surprise and that much of the media coverage of Beijing Olympics has been about the quality of air. See for example, this split picture of Beijing skyline on a clear and a hazy day on the BBC’sBeijing Pollution: Facts and Figures.
BBC has, for last several weeks, a daily pic of Beijing skyline with a running commentary on the hazy conditions, on their Beijing Pollution Watch site. So we at FortiusOne/Mapufacture decided to generate a daily map of the official stats on PM10 published by Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau (BMEPB) and compare it with BBC’s Beijing Pollution Watch. PM10, the airborne particles consisting of dust from construction,landfill sites, vehicle exhaust, industrial sources etc. of size 10 microns or less, are the main culprit behind the hazy skies /bad air days in Beijing.
The map below is based on the air quality monitors spread across dozens of Beijing districts along with the locationsof Olympic events (red circles). The six slices of each pie-chart show share of PM10 at each location between 5th and 10th Aug, 2008.
The second map shows today’s readings of PM10 (purple colored proportional circles) for each of the air quality monitoring stations, along with a pie-chart that has share of the SO2, PM10 and NO2.

For comparison, see BBC’s pic of the same day below.

BBC: 10 August PM10 reading: 278 micrograms per cubic metre. We test for 10 minutes at midday from a seventh floor balcony in central Beijing..
While the official readings in nearly half dozen air quality monitoring stations nearby have readings near 90, it has apparently, not had an adverse effect on the athletes thus far in the games. As BBC offers daily pics of the smog, we will have daily updates on the air quality all through the Olympics. In the mean while you may explore on the Finder! the air quality data (SO2, NO2 and PM10) for the last six days i.e, 5th to 10th August, 2008, the road network, and the “>district polys as well as Olympic Athletic Venues,and Olympic village. Search using keyword “Olympics.” You are welcome to download, add, update and upload these data back to Finder!
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August 10th, 2008 at 11:24 pm
Given that July 20th was the day for the odd / even car restrictions to start, how is it that all but 3 days since then have had a higher PM10 level ?
August 11th, 2008 at 5:25 am
Thanks for your comment. It may be that the number of vehicles on Beijing roads are halved, however the PM10 levels are also caused by industrial/construction and landfill sites.
Further Beijing/Beijing province is landlocked and its likely that the air-pollution may have drifted in from cities in the surrounding provinces of Tianjin and Hubei.
See for eg. this aerial photo from a USNSF project:
http://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=112022&govDel=USNSF_51
Thanks to recent downpours, the PM10 levels have plummeted to what WHO considers as safe.
August 12th, 2008 at 9:20 am
For those who may be interested to download the “official” (Beijing Municipal Environment Protection Bureau – BMEPB) Air quality data (http://www.bjepb.gov.cn/air2008/olympic.aspx) for the last several days (Aug 5 to Aug 12), here are the Finder! links:
http://finder.geocommons.com/overlays/3891
http://finder.geocommons.com/overlays/3864
http://finder.geocommons.com/overlays/3893
http://finder.geocommons.com/overlays/3892
http://finder.geocommons.com/overlays/3848
http://finder.geocommons.com/overlays/3846
http://finder.geocommons.com/overlays/3753
http://finder.geocommons.com/overlays/3749
And below are the “official” Max, Min, Median and Averages for PM10 for these same days (computed by Finder!) and the last column lists BBC’s reading (snapshot) of PM10:
Date Min Max Median Avg BBC-PM10
12/08/08 20 48 31 31.37 41
11/08/08 10 52 39 35.4 54
10/08/08 55 94 81 79.44 278
9/08/08 55 94 81 79.56 110
8/08/08 84 100 94 93.52 156
7/08/08 80 108 94 94.07 191
6/08/08 65 95 87 85.41 186
5/08/08 78 114 90 90.19 104
Only in last two days have the BMEPB data in the same range as BBC’s.
Here is BBC’s version of how they measure PM10 levels:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/thereporters/jamesreynolds/2008/07/pollution_problem.html
and
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7498198.stm
More updates follow over the next several days.
August 13th, 2008 at 10:32 am
This is very interesting. Good work!
How does wind impact all this? I get the sense that there is no wind in Beijing, at least it looks calm on most days. Is there a wind correlation?
August 13th, 2008 at 3:20 pm
Thanks Jeff-
Dont know much about wind patterns but it appears that source of smog/haze is not only the dust from construction/landfill sites, industrial and vehicle exhaust; with ever encroaching Gobi desert note that far to the North, Beijing gets more than its share sand storms.
googling with keywords, “Beijing sandstorms” gets over 99,000 hits discussing all these alarming stories of environmental degradation. One of these sandstorms occured as recently as July of 2008.
Here are couple of links:
http://www.chinapost.com.tw/china/local%20news/beijing/2008/03/19/147845/Beijing-shrouded.htm
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=myVNx1RNbxE